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The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of cooperation in economic and social development. For this purpose the principles of institutional economics, evolutionary biology and game theory in a mixture that has the ability to expand the understanding of these social phenomena are used. The five mechanisms that altruistic cooperation is based are applicable to the development of societies and by the theory of institutional economics and game theory is possible to model many of the behaviors of economic and social actors in the complex game interactions in which they operate. We conclude that cooperation is an element that has allowed the development of the institutions that are the basis of development of societies. While uncoordinated activities of individuals pursuing their own welfare occur frequently results in the words of Bowles (2010) all try to avoid.
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